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1. Modal verbs

Modal verbs are verbs with unique characteristics. They work with the main verb to add extra meaning to a sentence, for example, obligation or advice.

Structure

Modal verbs share the following characteristics:

  • We put an infinitive without to after most modal verbs  (but not ought to).
    • We must get there before seven o'clock.
    • She should study harder.
    • BUT I ought to go home now.
  • Modal verbs do not take -s in the third person
    • I can swim.
    • He can swim.
  • Modal verbs do not use the auxiliary verb do / does to form negatives, questions or short answers.
    • She shouldn't eat salt.
    • 'May I help you?' 'Yes, you may'.
    • I can invite her, can't I?
    • We needn't retake the exam.
  • Modal verbs can form contractions in the negative.
    • He should not work too hard → He shouldn't work too hard.
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