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12. Past perfect / Past perfect continuous

Past perfect / Past perfect continuous

FORMES

Afirmatiu Negatiu i formes contractes Interrogatiu Respostes breus
verb regular verb irregular verb regular i irregular Interrogatiu Resposta breu afirmativa Resposta breu negativa
I had played (=havia jugat) I had drunk (=havia begut)

I had not played /drunk

I hadn't played/drunk

Had I played?

Had I drunk?

 Yes, I had. No, I hadn't.
you had played (=havies jugat)
 you had drank (=havies begut)

you had not played/drunk

you hadn't played/drunk

Had I played?

Had I drunk?		 Yes, you had. No, you hadn't.
he,she, it had played (=havia jugat) he,she, it drunk (=havia begut)

he, she, it had not played/drunk

he, she, it hadn't played/drunk

Had he/she/it played?

Had he/she/it drunk?

 Yes, he,she, it had. No, he, it hadn't.
we had played (=havíem jugat)
 we had drunk (=havíem begut)

we had not play/drunk

we hadn't played/drunk

Had we played?

Had we drunk?		 Yes, we had. No , we hadn't.
you had played (=havíeu jugat)
you had drunk(=havíeu begut)

you had not played/drunk

you hadn't played/drunk

Had you played?

Had you drunk?		 Yes, you had. No, you hadn't.
they had played (=havien jugat) they had drunk (=havien begut)

they had not played/drunk

they hadn't played/drunk

Had they played?

Had they drunk?		 Yes, they had. No, they hadn't.

USOS

El past perfect es fa servir:

  • per parlar d’accions o situacions que es van esdevenir en el passat, amb anterioritat a unes altres també passades.

Exemples:   When we arrived at Sue's house, she had left. (=Quan vaig arribar a la casa de Sue, ella havia marxat.) 

                    I had already left before he arrived. (= Quan ell va arribar, jo ja havia marxat .)

  • per referir-se a accions o situacions que es van esdevenir amb anterioritat a un moment concret del passat.

 Exemple:   My dad had bought the car a month before my birthday. (=El meu pare havia comprat el cotxe un mes abans del meu aniversari).

  • Amb l’expressió it was the first/ second/ third time.

Exemple:    It was the second time I'd visited Morocco. (=Era la segona vegada que visitava el Marroc.)

  • Quan dues accions tenen lloc gairebé simultàniament en el passat, ambdues van en past continuous.

Exemple:   My parents were listening to music while I was cooking lunch. (=Els meus pares escoltaven música mentre jo estava cuinant).

FOR I SINCE 

  • Fem servir for i since amb el past perfect per indicar la durada d’una acció o un estat en el passat. For fa referència a la durada de l’acció o l’estat, sense concretar el moment en què va començar.

Exemples:  I’d been there for five days when Joseph arrived. (=Ja feia cinc dies que hi era quan va arribar el Joseph).

                 She’d worked there since the previous winter. (= Hi treballava des de l’hivern passat).


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