Grammar book
Grammar
7. Past simple
Past simple
FORMES
| Afirmatiu | Negatiu i formes contractes | Interrogatiu | Respostes breus | ||
| verb regular | verb irregular | verb regular i irregular | verb regular i irregular | Resposta breu afirmativa | Resposta breu negativa |
| I played (= vaig jugar) | I drank (=vaig beure) |
I did not play/ I didn't play I did not drink/ I didn't drink |
Did I play? Did I drink? |
Yes, I did | No, I didn't |
| you played (= vas jugar) | you drank (=vas beure) |
you did not play/ you didn't play you did not drink/ you didn't drink |
Did you play? Did you drink? |
Yes, you did | No, you didn't |
| he,she, it played (=va jugar) | he,she, it drank (=va beure) |
he, she, it did not play/ he, she, it didn't play he, she, it did not drink/ he, she, it didn't drink |
Did he/she/it play? Did he/she/it drink? |
Yes, he, she, it did | No, he, she, it didn't |
| we played (= vam jugar) | we drank (=vam beure) |
we did not play/ we didn't play we did not drink/ we didn't drink |
Did we play? Did we drink? |
Yes, we did | No , we didn't |
| you played (= vau jugar) | you drank (=vau beure) |
you did not play/ you didn't play you did not drink/ you didn't drink |
Did you play? Did you drink? |
Yes, you did | No, you didn't |
| they played (=van jugar) | they drank (=van beure) |
they did not play/they didn't play they did not drink/ they didn't drink |
Did they play? Did they drink? |
Yes, they did | No, they didn't |
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(Si vols saber més sobre respostes breus pots anar a l'apartat 1.10 Short answers).
Regles per formar el past simple del verbs regulars
Verbs irregulars
La majoria afegeixen -ed
return > returned
Un grup de verbs formen el passat i el participi de forma irregular.
NO segueixen la regla general de formació de la terminació afirmativa, però el funcionament de les frases interrogatives i negatives és exactament el mateix que la dels verbs regulars.
Tot i que de moment només ens interessa el passat simple (segona columna), la llista de verbs irregulars apareix així:
Els acabats en -e només afegeixen la -d
arrive > arrived
notice > noticed
Forma base Passat Participi Català
Els acabats en consonant +-y canvien la -y per una -i i afegeixen -ed
carry > carried
study > studied
be was/were been ser / estar
break broke broken trencar
do did done fer
drink drank drunk beure
go went gone anar
have had had tenir
....
llista de verbs irregulars (amb so)
Nota: to + forma base = infinitiu Exemple: to go = anar
Els que acaben en consonant + vocal + consonant doblen la consonant final i afegeixen -ed
travel > travelled
admit > admitted
Si el verb té una sola síl·laba i acaba en vocal més consonant, es duplica la consonant final abans d’afegir-hi -ed
plan > planned
spot > spotted
Pronunciació
Aquí pots veure les tres possibilitats de pronunciació: / id/ or / t/ or / d/
USOS El past simple es fa servir:
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per parlar de fets o d’accions que s’han completat en el passat.
Exemples: We arrived at twelve o’clock. (=Hi vam arribar a les dotze).
Mozart started to write music at the age of five. (=Mozart va començar a compondre quan tenia cinc anys).
What time did they finish their homework? (=A quina hora van acabar de fer els deures?)
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per referir-se a coses que es van esdevenir repetidament en el passat.
Exemple: We went to France every summer in the 1990s. (=Als anys 90, anàvem a França cada estiu).
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per descriure estats del passat.
Exemples: I lived in London for five years. (=Durant cinc anys vaig viure a Londres).
She was in Italy in 2010. (=Ella va estar a Itàlia l'any 2010).
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