Material unit 3
4. Linkers and connectors
Les oracions complexes (COMPLEX CLAUSES) ens proporcionen informació addicional sobre una frase i s’introdueixen mitjançant mots o frases d’enllaç, que són els connectors o linkers.
Cal distinguir els següents:
LINKERS OF CONTRAST
LINKERS OF REASON AND PURPOSE (=finalitat)
LINKERS OF ADDITION
LINKERS OF CONTRAST |
Fem servir els següents connectors: although, though, despite, even though, despite the fact that, in spite of, in spite of the fact that.
Exemples: Although / Though / Even though / In spite of the fact that the students had not studied, (comma) they all passed their exams. (=Encara que els estudiants no havien estudiat, tots van superar l'examen). James has had lots of offers though / although / even though the website started recently. (=A James li han arribat moltes ofertes tot i que la pàgina web es va crear fa poc de temps.)
Exemple: Despite / In spite of the late hour, they went on with the meeting. (=Malgrat l'hora, van continuar amb la reunió.) |
LINKERS OF REASON AND PURPOSE |
Fem servir els següents connectors:
Exemple: Because / As / since / seeing that it's late, (a comma) we'll take the bus. (=Perquè / Atès que / Ja que és tard, agafarem el bus.) També, podem dir: We'll take the bus because / as / since / seeing that it's late.
Exemple: Because of / On account of / Owing to / Due to the weather , (a comma) they stayed at home. (=a causa del temps, es van quedar a casa.) També, podrem dir: They stayed at home because of / on account of / owing to / due to the weather
Exemple: He uses her computer in order to / so as to /, to record his personal video. (=Fa servir l'ordinador d'ella per fer la gravació del vídeo.) Ara bé, també, podem fer servir in order that / so that (=per / perquè). Aquests dos últims connectors van davant d'una oració amb verb modal. Exemple: He uses her computer in order that / so that / he can record his personal video. (=Fa servir l'ordinador d'ella per poder fer la gravació del vídeo.) |
LINKERS OF ADDITION |
Fem servir els següents:
Exemple: I'm revising English this evening. Moreover, / In addition, / Furthermore, /Besides, I'm writing an essay. (= A més d'estar repassant l'anglès, estic fent una redacció.)
Exemple: What are you going to do besides reading? (=Què penses fer a més de llegir?) Who is going to the party besides your wife? (=Qui anirà a la festa a més de de la teva dona?) |
ATENCIÓ! |
Exemple: He studied all month so he could pass the subject. (=Va estudiar tot el mes per poder aprovar la matèria.)
No és correcte dir, per exemple: She is studying not to fail the subject. Cal dir: She is studying in order not to / so as not to fail the subject. (=Està estudiant per a no suspendre la matèria.) Exemple: She is studying in order not to / so as not to fail. (=Està estudiant per no suspendre).
Exemple: Who is beside Jennifer? (=Qui hi ha al costat de Jennifer?) |