Material Unit 2
12. Past perfect
Past perfect
FORMES
| Afirmatiu | Negatiu i formes contractes | Interrogatiu | Respostes breus | ||
| verb regular | verb irregular | verb regular i irregular | Interrogatiu | Resposta breu afirmativa | Resposta breu negativa |
| I had played (=havia jugat) | I had drunk (=havia begut) |
I had not played /drunk I hadn't played/drunk |
Had I played? Had I drunk? |
Yes, I had. | No, I hadn't. |
| you had played (=havies jugat) |
you had drank (=havies begut) |
you had not played/drunk you hadn't played/drunk |
Had I played? Had I drunk? |
Yes, you had. | No, you hadn't. |
| he,she, it had played (=havia jugat) | he,she, it drunk (=havia begut) |
he, she, it had not played/drunk he, she, it hadn't played/drunk |
Had he/she/it played? Had he/she/it drunk? |
Yes, he,she, it had. | No, he, it hadn't. |
| we had played (=havíem jugat) |
we had drunk (=havíem begut) |
we had not play/drunk we hadn't played/drunk |
Had we played? Had we drunk? |
Yes, we had. | No , we hadn't. |
| you had played (=havíeu jugat) |
you had drunk(=havíeu begut) |
you had not played/drunk you hadn't played/drunk |
Had you played? Had you drunk? |
Yes, you had. | No, you hadn't. |
| they had played (=havien jugat) | they had drunk (=havien begut) |
they had not played/drunk they hadn't played/drunk |
Had they played? Had they drunk? |
Yes, they had. | No, they hadn't. |
USOS
El past perfect es fa servir:
- per parlar d’accions o situacions que es van esdevenir en el passat, amb anterioritat a unes altres també passades.
Exemples: When we arrived at Sue's house, she had left. (=Quan vaig arribar a la casa de Sue, ella havia marxat.)
I had already left before he arrived. (= Quan ell va arribar, jo ja havia marxat .)
- per referir-se a accions o situacions que es van esdevenir amb anterioritat a un moment concret del passat.
Exemple: My dad had bought the car a month before my birthday. (=El meu pare havia comprat el cotxe un mes abans del meu aniversari).
- Amb l’expressió it was the first/ second/ third time.
Exemple: It was the second time I'd visited Morocco. (=Era la segona vegada que visitava el Marroc.)
- Quan dues accions tenen lloc gairebé simultàniament en el passat, ambdues van en past continuous.
Exemple: My parents were listening to music while I was cooking lunch. (=Els meus pares escoltaven música mentre jo estava cuinant).
FOR I SINCE
- Fem servir for i since amb el past perfect per indicar la durada d’una acció o un estat en el passat. For fa referència a la durada de l’acció o l’estat, sense concretar el moment en què va començar.
Exemples: I’d been there for five days when Joseph arrived. (=Ja feia cinc dies que hi era quan va arribar el Joseph).
She’d worked there since the previous winter. (= Hi treballava des de l’hivern passat).