Answer the following questions about this picture: 

Francisco de Goya: The Third of May 1808

 

Aplicar els mateixos criteris que a l'activitat de català:

Questions:
Com sempre fem a les activitats de correcció individual avaluables, millor corregiu per tal d'ajudar a l'alumnat a entendre els seus errors que no copiar el sol.lucionari.

  1. Source Goya (5-6 lines) (2 points):
    (Summarize sources and do this activity before answering this question: L1AP1_Fonts),
    1.1 What kind of source is it?:
         (Textual, iconographical, statistical, cartographical, public/private: Picture, image, text, map...)
    1.2 Justify your opinion:

    It is a primary source. Primary sources are contemporary accounts of an event written or painted ( as this picture by Goya) by someone who experienced or witnessed the event in question. 
    It is also an iconographical and public source, a painting is a visual document that captures moments in the time, in this case: the Independence War ant its consequences painted and seen by the eyes of Goya. 
    Political or social theme.


  2. Source Goya (5-6 lines) (2 points):
    2.1 Who created this source and why?
    Do you think it is reliable?
    F de Goya created this picture in the 19th century.  He painted scenes from the Madrid uprising against the French and the mass executions of civilians by French soldiers.

The purpose: Goya depicts violence, as a manifestation of unreason, but showed the universal representation of heroism, brutality, despair and death. Most of them  led by the ordinary people: the true victims of wars (as he did in The Disasters of War, and also Picasso did in the Guernica picture some years after)
It is reliable, it shows  the brutal repression of the anti-French riots at Madrid on 3 May made by Napoleon's brother-in law, Joachim Murat, commander-in-chief of the French army in Spain.
When Napoleon decided to invade Portugal and despatched an army to Spain for this purpose everything changed: the French army looked like an occupation army, they provoked a violent popular reaction which spread across the country and the Independence war started.
This picture shows the effects of the Napoleonic invasion.
More:
"Throughout history, groups and individuals have sought not only to maintain control over their own lives, but also to assert their power over the lives of others. Visual art has played an important role in documenting such conflict and resistance
.It also has served as a means for expressing personal views on politics, war, social inequities, and the human condition. Created for a public audience, the two paintings—The Second of May, 1808 and The Third of May, 1808—commemorate events from the beginning of the war. The first image represents a bloody encounter that took place between the French army and the people of Madrid who rose up against them. The second depicts the execution of the rebels by the French on the following day.With The Third of May, 1808, Goya has made an image of actual historical events, but enhanced them for maximum dramatic effect. The condemned men stand before a firing squad on the hill Príncipe Pío, one of several locations where such executions took place. The recognizable architecture of the city in the background lends immediacy to the scene. But it is the figures to the left of the composition that demand the viewer’s attention. The main figure, dressed in white, practically glows. Holding out his arms in an unmistakable reference to the crucified Christ, he appears as a heroic martyr. While the faceless French soldiers on the opposite side are rendered almost inhuman, the ill-fated Spanish rebels elicit both sympathy for their suffering and respect for their sacrifice.

"http://www.museodelprado.es.

2.2What was happening in Spain during this time period (1808-14)?

In Spain the head of the State was Carles IV (later his son Ferran VII from the Royal Bourbon family) and in France Napoleon Bonaparte. 

Spain and its monarchy couldn't cope with the problems of the French revolution and the emergence of Napoleon.
When Napoleon decided to invade Portugal and despatched an army for this purpose everything changed: the French army looked like an occupation army and the Independence War started. 

The brutal incursion—which included mass executions of Spanish citizens who rose up in opposition to Napoleon's invasion—culminated in French occupation and the installation of Napoleon's brother, Joseph Bonaparte, on the Spanish throne. .
Both kings of Spain were forced to abdicate in favour of Napoleon's choice for the Spanish throne. He selected his brother Joseph, who at present was king of Naples (a dignity now to be transferred to Murat), but the vast majority of the country opposed the French presence and the transfer of the Crown to Joseph Bonaparte and this opposition led to the disorders in Madrid on 2 May 1808. The French thought that those civilians executions, 3 may 1808, would finish their troubles; instead, they got a war that lasted six years.


3.- Spanish Constitution 1812- link: (4-6 lines) (2 points)
Select one article of the Spanish Constitution 1812 and explain:
why do you chose it ?:
its historical importance:


Just choose one and justify selection,
necessarily related to the main points of it.

  • 4.- Which were the worst consequences of the Independence War? (economical, political...)
    Justify your answer (7-8 lines) (3 points)
    Though the final outcome was complete victory, the cost was heavy. No other country in Europe suffered so heavily from the French Army:
    To the destruction of the Spanish state was added the devastation of the peninsula's economy.
    The collapse of the Spanish monarchy means also that almost all the American colonies were lost during the decade 1810-1820 (Most of Spanish America was lost to the independence movements  that had emerged in major areas throughout the colonies at a time when the Spanish country was invaded by the French Army).
    Cultural:
    the War meant the destruction of an important heritage and in this case we must remember that even Goya, by order of Joseph Bonaparte, selected paintings from the royal collections (the basis of the future Prado's Museum) to be sent to the Louvre Museum in Paris.
    Political:
    The crisis of the absolute monarchy.The liberals were persecuted,** imprisoned or they left the country to exile.
    Restoration of absolutism again and not liberalism after the defeat of the Napoleonic Army, but with constant military coups (pronunciaments) against it.
    ** have a look at Antic Règim-Societat Liberal- link ,

    You can see a liberal society characteristics -  it is founded on the principle of the equality of people- and an absolutist monarchy- founded on privileges


  • 5.- Why is the Independence War also considered a civil war?Justify your opinion. (5-6 lines) (1 point) 
    The Independence War was a massive popular resistance of all classes, but mainly they were partisan bands not regular combatants, the French Army never controlled more than the main towns, in this sense it was a modern war, but the violence of the war left a violent way of resolving different opinions: absolutism against liberalism all over the century.
    This war was also a civil war:
    The war gave reformers the opportunity to put their ideas into practice, 1812 Constitution, but when Ferdinand VII returned from French exile in 1814, liberals had to leave the country to exile, even if they were close to the Bourbon monarchy,  and absolute monarchy was restored on the terms of 1808. All the changes wrought by the Cádiz Cortes were swept away.



You can use this frame to answer the questions.


Structure Useful starters Useful vocabulary

Introduction

It is perfectly clear that you can see...As you can see…

Reliable, Independence War, French Revolution,

abdicate, occupation army, the Bourbons, events, laws,

the French army, Royal Spanish Family,

Artist /author
intention
I think the artist is trying to….
Goya make understand better...
The picture evokes // reminds me of..
The author

Reflect/ express/ explore/
Contribute to/ …..historical events.
Art playing role...

The interpretation of historical events and people//

The atmosphere of those times//
The Third of May also...

They look as if they were...

Context

It refers to…
The Spanish Ancien Regime...
The war against French
The nobility, the clergy..

Liberal countries in Europe..

The absolute monarchy

To elect the nations lawmakers..
Transformations
The transfer of the  Crown to...

The main suffering..
The changes were spent away

Before/After the ... War
unfit to rule/ The French Revolution/
the brutal incursion/

executions of Spanish citizens.
Absolute monarchy/
parliamentary system/ popular sovereignty

dismantled/ abolished
privileges/ citizens/ seigneurial rights
/law and merits-privileged

Legal equality/ political legitimation/

Middle class/popular classes
Disorders in Madrid/
war of Independence that lasted..

Popular resistance, guerrilleros, combatants
savage reprisals 
the Spanish civilians
The liberals, exile,
persecuted ,imprisoned

Source This source is a...

Primary /secondary source/ textual/

iconographical/ cartographical/estatistical

public/ private/

social/political.

Dictionary

Sources

Darrera modificació: divendres, 27 de gener 2017, 11:26