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Material Unit 2

Site: Cursos IOC - Batxillerat
Course: Llengua estrangera Anglès I (Bloc 2) ~ gener 2020
Book: Material Unit 2
Printed by: Usuari convidat
Date: Saturday, 4 May 2024, 2:34 AM

Table of contents

The Passive

Use

We use the passive voice to:

  • Emphasize the action (the verb) rather than who or what carried out the action (the agent).
  • To put most important idea at the beggining of the sentence.

The TV company broadcast a new show.→ A new show was broadcast (by the TV company).
La cadena de TV va estrenar un nou programa. Un nou programa va ser estrenat (per la companyia de TV)

They have made huge progress. → Huge progress has been made.
Han fet un progrés enorme. → S’ha fet un progrés enorme

 

Structure

We form the passive voice with be + past participle.
We use be in the same tense that we would use in the active sentence.

Active (present perfect)
The police have arrested a man.

Passive (present perfect)
A man has been arrested by the police.


La policia ha arrestat un home. Un home ha estat arrestat per la policia.


Active (past simple)
The balloons lifted him up.

Passive (past simple)
He was lifted up by the balloons.





Els globus el van elevar. Ell va ser elevat pels globus.


Active (future)
Reporters will question him.

Passive (future)
He will be questioned by reporters.





Els reporters l’entrevistaran. Ell serà entrevistat pels reporters


When we change an active sentence to a passive sentence, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.

Picasso painted Guernica, Guernica was painted by picasso.

The passive with 'by'

In a passive sentence we use by before the object. We call the object of a passive sentence the agent.

The director will choose the candidates. The candidates will be chosen by the director.
El director seleccionarà els concursants. Els concursants seran seleccionats pel director.

We omit by + agent:

  • when the agent is unknown.
  • when the agent is not very important.
  • if we do not want to name the agent.
    My bag has been stolen. (I don't know who stole it)
    A new programme is being tested. (it is not important to know exactly who is testing the programme or I don't want to name all the people involved in the testing.)

It is not always possible to omit by + agent. Some sentences need an agent because it is important information.

That film was directed by James Cameron.
Was the Oscar for Best Actor won by Colin Firth in April 2011?

Passive Transformation

Per passar una oració de la veu activa a la veu passiva cal fer els

passos següents:

Veu activa: Liz won the prize. Liz va ser la guanyadora del premi.

  1. Identifica l’objecte directe de la frase en la veu activa: the prize el premi
  2. Col·loca l’objecte directe al començament de la frase en la veu passiva, a manera de subjecte: The prize... El premi...
  3. Identifica el temps verbal de la frase en la veu activa: won = past simple
  4. Posa el verb be en el mateix temps verbal que l’oració activa i afegeix-hi el participi del verb principal: was won
  5. Decideix si necessites incloure-hi by + el complement agent (Liz): The prize was won ... El premi el va guanyar...

Veu passiva: The prize was won by Liz. El premi el va guanyar Liz.

Per passar una oració de la veu passiva a la veu activa, segueix els passos anteriors, però inverteix-ne l’ordre. Pot ser que hagis d’inventar-te un subjecte: pensa qui va poder fer l’acció.
Veu passiva: The door was opened. (Who opened the door?) La porta es va obrir. (Qui va obrir la porta?)

Do the following exercises to practice how to make the passive in the different tenses [present simple - past simple - present perfect - future simple]

 

Linkers

of reason, result and purpose

Purpose:

Examples:

  • We had a meeting today so as to discuss next year's programme.
  • He did all he could for her not to worry.
  • I moved to France so that I could improve my French.
  • Everyone did their best in order to finish the work. 

 

Reason:

Examples:

  • Since you don't believe me, I won't give evidence.
  • Because of his lack of training he had difficulties finding a job.
  • He gave him his jacket out of pity.
  • On account of the weather we didn't go for a walk.
  • Billy was punished for lying to his teacher.
  • Owing to the snow,the planes couldn't take off.
  • As you are a foreigner you can't express your opinions on the situation in the area.
  • Seeing that you aren't interested I' ll do it by myself.

 

Result:

 

Examples:

  • He missed the early train, as a result he was too late for the job interview.
  • The result of his trial, therefore, could hardly have been other than a foregone conclusion.
  • If he locked the door, then Kitty is trapped inside.

Vocabulary (extra)

Shopping and spending

Verbs

  • change (your clothes)
  • change lath for oh else)
  • earn (money)
  • fit
  • suit
  • win (e.g. the lottery)
  • Nouns
  • bill
  • cash
  • change
  • fortune
  • lottery
  • (euro / pound) note
  • suit

Adjectives

  • broke
  • fancy
  • hand up
  • mean
  • priceless
  • tight
  • worth
  • worthless
  • well off

Phrasal verbs

  • dress up
  • splash out on
  • take (sth) back
  • try (sth) on

Idioms and expressions

  • cost an arm and a leg
  • do the shopping
  • go shopping
  • make ends meet
  • tighten (your) belt
  • rolling in money 

Writing


In an opinion essay you say what you think about a statement or a topic, giving reasons for your views

Task Example Opinion Essay
‘Playing computer games is a waste of time.’ Write an essay giving your opinion..
Get ideas
  • Think about the statement or topic. What do you already know? ( = the background information)
  • Decide what your own opinion is. Remember, there is no ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ answer!
  • Think of as many arguments as you can to support your opinion.
  • Choose your two or three best ideas.
Plan your writing
  • Organize your ideas into paragraphs. Use a new paragraph for each main subject or argument.
    For example:
Paragraph plan!

Paragraph 1

  • Introduction to the topic

Paragraph 2

  • Your first main argument

Paragraph 3

  • Your next main argument

Paragraph 4

  • Summary of your opinion
Write



example
Tips...for Opinion essay
Structure your paragraphs logically
Useful language

Providing personal information
Some / Many people think / believe /
argue / consider (that) …
According to (the media, etc.), …
Studies show / suggest that …
It is well-known that …
It is generally agreed that …

Expressing opinions
I think / believe / feel (that) ….
Personally, I think …
I personally think (that) …
I (strongly) agree / disagree that … /
with the statement that …
In my opinion / view, …
It is clear (to me) that …
It seems to me that …

Adding ideas
Furthermore, …
Moreover, …
What is more, …
In addition (to this), …

Contrasting ideas
On the one hand, … . On the other
hand …
However, …
Although … , …

Giving reasons and results
… , because / as …
Because of this, …
As a result of this, …
One result / effect of this is that …
Consequently, / As a
consequence, …

Giving examples
For example, …
For instance, …
One (possible consequence might be
/ reason for this is, etc.) …
… , such as … (e.g. illnesses, such as
colds.)
… , like … (e.g. illnesses, like colds.)

Highlighting specific ideas
… , especially … ( + )
… , particularly … ( + )
… , apart from … ( – )

Concluding
All in all, / To sum up, …
In conclusion, / To conclude, …
In general, I think … . However, …
On the whole, I think … .
However, …