Material Unit 3
| lloc: | Cursos IOC - Batxillerat |
| Curs: | Segona llengua Anglès II ~ gener 2020 |
| Llibre: | Material Unit 3 |
| Imprès per: | Usuari convidat |
| Data: | dissabte, 4 de maig 2024, 07:43 |
1. Grammar
In this chapter, we will study Conditional sentences.
1.1. Conditional sentences
Conditional sentences have two clauses:
- the conditional clause- if-clause (starting with if)
- the result clause (the main clause)
Example: If the temperature drops to 0ºC, water turns into ice.
The conditional clause can also start with unless, meaning if not.
Example: Unless it rains, we'll meet you in the park. // If it doesn't rain, we'll meet you in the park.
The order of the two clauses are flexible, but we must use a comma after the conditional clause when it comes first.
Example: If I trained harder, I'd be a lot fitter.
We distinguish different types of conditionals: zero, first, second and third according to the degree of probability that they express.
1.2. Zero Conditional
Zero conditional is a structure used for talking about things that are always true, for instance, scientific facts, general truth and so on. Most zero conditional sentences will mean the same thing if "when" is used instead of "if").
| if-clauses | main clause |
|
Present Simple - If you heat water, -When I am tired, |
Present Simple it boils. I get black circles under my eyes. |
1.3. First Conditional
First conditional is a structure used for talking about possibilities in the present or in the future- things which may happen- and to make promises and give warnings.
| if-clauses | main clause |
|
Present Simple - If you buy an exercise bike, -If you study hard, |
Future simple (will+ infinitive) /may/can I will use it every day. you may/can pass the test. |
1.4. Second conditional
Second conditional is a structure used for talking about unreal situations (not true or not possible) in the present or in the future- things which don't or won't happen.
|
if-clauses |
main clause |
|
Past Simple - If I had a million dollars, -If I had wings, - If he had the book, |
would/ could/ might I would buy a big house. I could fly like Peter Pan. he might lend it to me. |
1.5. Third Conditional
Third conditional is a structure used for talking about unreal or hypothetical situations in the past. It is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past.
|
if-clauses |
main clause |
|
Past Perfect - If he had lent me the money, -If I hadn't been ill, |
would/could/might + have+ past participle I would have bought that car. I would have gone on holiday. |
1.6. Mixed Conditional
It is possible to have sentences that mix conditionals. They are usually a combination of second and third conditionals, but other combinations are possible. We use them when the time reference in the conditional clause is different from the result clause.
- Second conditional in the conditional clause, third conditional in the result clause.
Example: If Emma wasn't lazy, she'd have worked harder for her exam.
- Third conditional in the conditional clause, second conditional in the result clause.
Example: If he hadn't spent all his money, he wouldn't be poor now.
2. Vocabulary
Society and community, politics and some phrasal verbs.
2.1. Suffixes to form new words
Here you are common suffixes that can form new words.
| Noun Suffixes | ||
| Suffix | Meaning | Example |
| -acy | state or quality | privacy |
| -al | act or process of | refusal |
| -ance, -ence | state or quality of | maintenance, eminence |
| -dom | place or state of being | freedom, kingdom |
| -er, -or | one who | trainer, protector |
| -ism | doctrine, belief | communism |
| -ist | one who | chemist |
| -ity, -ty | quality of | veracity |
| -ment | condition of | argument |
| -ness | state of being | heaviness |
| -ship | position held | fellowship |
| -sion, -tion | state of being | concession, transition |
| Verb Suffixes | ||
| -ate | become | eradicate |
| -en | become | enlighten |
| -ify, -fy | make or become | terrify |
| -ize, -ise | become | civilize |
| Adjective Suffixes | ||
| -able, -ible | capable of being | edible, presentable |
| -al | pertaining to | regional |
| -esque | reminiscent of | picturesque |
| -ful | notable for | fanciful |
| -ic, -ical | pertaining to | musical, mythic |
| -ious, -ous | characterized by | nutritious, portentous |
| -ish | having the quality of | fiendish |
| -ive | having the nature of | creative |
| -less | without | endless |
| -y | characterized by | sleazy |
2.2. Verbs+ prepositions collocations
3. Writing
In this chapter, we are going to study how to write an opinion essay.
3.1. An opinion essay
| General points before doing your writing: | |
Use connectors to link your sentences:
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